The process is the heart of the project for all industrial process and agri-industrial process based projects. Facility Engineering Services has extensive experience in the development of process layout drawings, process flow diagrams, Mass and Energy Balances and P&ID drawings for a number of food and agriculture related process industries. We work with your preferred vendors and suppliers to bring your project together by providing the process integration between the various elements. If you need further help developing your project we can help bring together various vendors and other technical experts to develop your project. As part of our design methodology, we help Integrate the process elements with the balance of the facility and structures.
A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is a diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. For processing facilities, it is a representation of:
• Key piping and instrument details
• Control and shutdown schemes
• Safety and regulatory requirements
• Basic start up and operational information
• List of P&ID items Instrumentation and designations
• Mechanical equipment with names and numbers
• All valves and their identifications
• Process piping, sizes and identification
• Miscellaneous - vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increases and wagers
• Permanent start-up and flush lines
• Flow directions
• Interconnections references
• Control inputs and outputs, interlocks
• Interfaces for class changes
• Computer control system input
• Identification of components and subsystems delivered by others
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility Typically, process flow diagrams of a single unit process will include the following:
• Process piping
• Major bypass and recirculation lines
• Major equipment symbols, names and identification numbers
• Flow directions
• Control loops that affect operation of the system
• Interconnection with other systems
• System ratings and operational values as minimum, normal and maximum flow, temperature and pressure
• Composition of fluids
Once the basic mass and energy balance are determined and the process flow diagrams are determined, the processing engineering teams works with the building systems group to design the plant layout. A major portion of this layout is how the various elements of the work together. To this end, a detailed design of the unit operations occurs and a layout is optimized. Unit operations that Facility Engineering Services works with includes:
• Mechanical processing
• Assembly Operations
• Mechanical Separations
• Mechanical Transportation
• Heat Transfer operations
• Mass Transfer operations
• Membrane Separations
• Fermentation
• Nonthermal Preservation
• Packaging
A mass balance (aka, material balance) is an application of conservation of mass to the analysis of physical systems. By accounting for material entering and leaving a system, mass flows. Mass balances are used widely in engineering and environmental analysis.
The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the principle of conservation of energy and is the basis of the energy balance. This law states that energy can be transformed, i.e. changed from one form to another, but cannot be created nor destroyed.
As part of our process engineering and layout work Facility Engineering Services, PA will develop this integral element of the plant design.